• Occupational health and toxicology

    • Amadori, D. (2001) Silicosis and carcinogenesis. Cer. Acta, 13(4-5), 68–77.
    • Albrecht, C.; Knaapen, A.M.; Becker, A. Höhr, D.; Haberzettl, P.; van Schooten, F.J.; Borm, P.J.A.; Schins, R.P.F. (2005) The crucial role of particle surface reactivity in respirable quartz-induced reactive oxygen/nitrogen species formation and APE/Ref-1 induction in rat lung. Resp. Res., 6(129).
    • Bégin, R. ; Massé, S.; Rola-Pleszczynski, M.; Martel, M. ; Desmarais, Y. ; Geoffroy, M. ; Le Bouffant, L. ; Daniel, H. ; Martin, J. (1986). Aluminium lactate treatment alters the lung biological activity of quartz. Exp. Lung Res., 10, 385–399.
    • Brown, G.M.; Donaldson, K. (1996) Modulation of quartz toxicity by aluminium. En: Castranova, V.; Vallyathan, V.; Wallace W. E. (Eds.) Silica and Silica-Induced Lung Diseases. Boca Raton: CRC Press, pp. 293–298.
    • Brown, G.M.; Donaldson, K.; Brown, D.M. (1989) Bronchoalveolar leukocyte response in experimental silicosis: Modulation by a soluble aluminum compound. Toxicol. App. Pharm., 101(1), 95–105.
    • Castranova, V. (1996) Suppression of the cytotoxicity and fibrogenicity of silica with PVPNO. In: Castranova, V.; Vallyathan, V.; Wallace W.E. (Eds.) Silica and Silica-Induced Lung Diseases. Boca Raton: CRC Press, pp. 293–298
    • Castranova, V.; van Dyke, K.; Wu, L.; Dalai, N.S.; Vallyathan, V. (1996) Suppression of silica-induced toxicity with organosilane surface coating. In: Castranova, V.; Vallyathan, V.; Wallace W.E. (Eds.) Silica and Silica-Induced Lung Diseases. Boca Raton: CRC Press, pp. 283–291.
    • Cherry, N.M.; Burgess, G.L.; Turner, S.; McDonald, J. C. (1998) Crystalline silica and risk of lung cancer in the potteries. Occup. Enviro. Med., 55, 779-785.
    • Clouter, A.; Donaldson, K. (1999) Workplace quartz samples are less inflammogenic than DQ12 standard quartz at equal mass. 7th International Symposium on Particles Toxicology, Maastricht, 13-15 October 1999.
    • Clouter, A.; Brown, D.M.; Höhr, D.; Borm, P.J.; Donaldson, K. (2001) Inflammatory effects of respirable quartz collected in workplaces versus standard DQ12 quartz: particle surface correlates. Toxicol. Sci., 63, 90–98.
    • Creutzenberg, O.; Oberdörster, G.; Ampian, S.G.; Moll, W.F; Hamilton, R.; Muhle, H. (2003) Inflammatory effects of quartz samples after intratracheal instillation in rats. Toxicologist, 72, 214.
    • Creutzenberg, O.; Hansen, T.; Ernst, H.; Muhle, H.; Oberdörster, G.; Hamilton, R. (2008) Toxicity of a quartz with occluded surfaces in a 90-day intratracheal instillation study in rats. Inhalation Toxicol., 20, 995–1008.
    • Ding, M.; Chen, F.; Shi, X.; Yucesoy, B.; Mossman, B.; Vallyathan, V. (2002) Diseases caused by silica: mechanisms of injury and disease development. Int. Immunopharmacol., 2, 173–182.
    • Donaldson, K.; Borm, P.J. (1998) The quartz hazard: a variable entity. Ann. Occup. Hyg. 42(5), 287–294.
    • Duffin, R.; Gilmour, P.S.; Schins, R.P.F.; Clouter, A.; Guy, K.; Brown, D.M.; MacNee, W.; Borm, P.J.; Donaldson, K.; Stone, V. (2001) Aluminium lactate treatment of DQ12 quartz inhibits its ability to cause inflammation, chemokine expression, and nuclear factor-κB activation. Toxicol. App. Pharm. 176(1), 10–17.
    • Fubini, B. (1998) Surface chemistry and quartz hazard. Ann. Occup. Hyg. 42(8), 521–530.
    • Fubini, B.; Giamello, E.; Volante, M; Bolis V. (1990) Chemical functionalities at the silica surface determining its reactivity when inhaled. Formation and reactivity of surface radicals. Toxicol. Ind. Health, 6(6), 571–98.
    • Gao, N.; Keane, M.J.; Ong, T.; Ye, J.; Miller, W.E.; Wallace, W.E. (2001) Effects of phospholipid surfactant on apoptosis induction by respirable quartz and kaolin in NR8383 rat pulmonary macrophages. Toxicol. App. Pharm., 175, 217–225.
    • Goldsmith, D.F.; Guidotti, T.L.; Johnson, D.R. (1982) Does occupational exposure to silica cause lung cancer? Am. J. Ind. Med., 3, 423.
    • Harrison, J.; Chen, J.-Q. Miller, W.; Chen, W.; Hnizdo, E.; Lu, J.; Chisholm, W.; Keane, M.; Gao, P.; Wallace, W. (2005) Risk of silicosis in cohorts of Chinese tin and tungsten miners and pottery workers (II): Workplace-specific silica particle surface composition. Am. J. Ind. Med., 48(1), 10-15.
    • Heffernan, P. (1946) Aluminium therapy of silicosis. Br Med J., 1(4458), 928.
    • Heppleston, A.G. (1986) Determinants of pulmonary fibrosis and lipidosis in the silica models. Br. J. Exp. Pathol., 67, 879–888.
    • Kawasaki H (2016) A mechanistic review of silica-induced inhalation toxicity. Inhalation Toxicology, 27, 27:8, 363-377. DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2015.1066905
    • Knaapen, A.M.; Borm, P.J.A.; Albrecht, C.; Schins, R.P.F. (2004) Inhaled particles and lung cancer. Part A: mechanisms. Int. J. Cancer, 109, 799–809.
    • Keane, M.J; Wallace W.E. (1996) Pulmonary surfactant adsoption and the expression of silica toxicity. In: Castranova, V.; Vallyathan, V.; Wallace W.E. (Eds.) Silica and Silica-Induced Lung Diseases. Boca Raton: CRC Press, pp. 283–291.
    • Kriegseis, W.; Scharmann, A.; Serafin, J. (1987) Investigations of surface properties of silica dusts with regard to their cytotoxicity. Ann.Occup. Hyg., 31, 417–424.
    • Le Bouffant, L.; Daniel, H.; Martin, J.C. (1975) The therapeutic action of aluminium compounds on the development of experimental lesions produced by pure quartz or mixed dusts. Inhaled Part., 4(1), 389–401.
    • Leinardi, R., Pavan, C., Yedavally, H., Tomatis, M., Salvati, A., & Turci, F. (2020). Cytotoxicity of fractured quartz on THP-1 human macrophages: role of the membranolytic activity of quartz and phagolysosome destabilization. Archives of Toxicology, 94(9), 2981-2995.
    • Monfort, E.; Ibañez, M.J.; Escrig, A.; Jackson, P.; Cartlidge, D.; Gorbunov, B.; Creutzenberg, O.;  Ziemann, C. (2008) Respirable crystalline silica in the ceramic industries. Sampling, Exposure and Toxicology. cfi/Ber. DKG, 85(12), 36–42.
    • Monfort, E., López-Lilao, A., Escrig, A., Ibáñez, M. J., Bonvicini, G., Creutzenberg, O., & Ziemann, C. (2017). Additives for reducing the toxicity of respirable crystalline silica. SILIFE project. In E3S Web of Conferences (Vol. 19, p. 02030). EDP Sciences.
    • McDonald, C. (1995) Silica and lung cancer. In: Castranova, V.; Vallyathan, V.; Wallace W. E. (Eds.) Silica and Silica-Induced Lung Diseases. Boca Raton: CRC Press, pp. 383–396.
    • Nolan, R. P. ; Langer, A. M. ; Harington, J. S. ; Oster, G. ; & Selikoff, I. J. (1981)  Quartz hemolysis as related to its surface functionalities. Environmental research, 26(2), 503-520.
    • Pavan, C., Delle Piane, M., Gullo, M., Filippi, F., Fubini, B., Hoet, P., … & Martra, G. (2019). The puzzling issue of silica toxicity: are silanols bridging the gaps between surface states and pathogenicity?. Particle and fibre toxicology, 16(1), 1-10.
    • Pavan, C., Tomatis, M., Ghiazza, M., Rabolli, V., Bolis, V., Lison, D., & Fubini, B. (2013). In search of the chemical basis of the hemolytic potential of silicas. Chemical research in toxicology, 26(8), 1188-1198.
    • Pavan, C., & Fubini, B. (2017). Unveiling the variability of “quartz hazard” in light of recent toxicological findings. Chemical research in toxicology, 30(1), 469-485.
    • Pavan, C., Turci, F., Tomatis, M., Leinardi, R., Pastero, L., Fabbiani, M., … & Lison, D. (2018). Revisiting the paradigm of silica pathogenicity: silanols, not crystallinity, as key determinant. Toxicology Letters, 295, S190-S191.
    • Pavan, C., Turci, F., Tomatis, M., Ghiazza, M., Lison, D., & Fubini, B. (2017). Ζ potential evidences silanol heterogeneity induced by metal contaminants at the quartz surface: Implications in membrane damage. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 157, 449-455.
    • Schins, R.P.F.; Duffin, R.; Höhr, D.; Knaapen, A.M.; Shi, T.; Weishaupt, C.; Stone, V.; Donaldson, K.; Borm, P.J.A. (2002). Surface modification of quartz inhibits toxicity, particle uptake, and oxidative DNA damage in human lung epithelial cells. Chem. Res. Tox., 15, 1166–1173.
    • Schlipköter, H.W.; Brockhaus, A. (1961) Die hemmung der experimentellen silikose durch subcutane verabreichung von polyvinylpyridin-N-oxyde. J. Molec. Medicine, 39(22), 1182–1189.
    • Stacey, P. (2005) The assessment of the exposure of workers to respirable crystalline silica (RCS) and the work of the International Standard Organisation (ISO) Working Group TC146/SC2/WG7 Silica. IOHA 2005 North West Province (South Africa) 19 – 23 September 2005.
    • Steenland, K.; Mannetje, A.; Boffetta, P.; Stayner, L.; Attfield, M.; Chen, J.; Dosemeci, M.; DeKlerk, N.; Hnizdo, E.; Koskela, R. and Checkoway, H. (2001) Pooled exposure-response analyses and risk assessment for lung cancer in 10 cohorts of silica-exposed workers: an IARC multicentre study. Cancer Causes Control, 12, 773-784.
    • Stone, V.; Jones, R.; Rollo, K.; Duffin, R.; Donaldson, K. and Brown, D.M. (2004) Effect of coal mine dust and clay extracts on the biological activity of the quartz surface. Toxicol. Lett., 149, 255–259.
    • Timellini, G.; Fregni, G.F. (2001) The control of exposure to crystalline silica in the ceramic industry: technical and economical aspects. Cer. Acta, 13(4-5), 88-92.
    • Turci F et al. (2016) Revisiting the paradigm of silica pathogenicity with synthetic quartz crystals: the role of crystallinity and surface disorder. Particle and Fibre Toxicology 13:32. DOI: 10.1186/s12989-016-0136-6
    • Vallyathan, V.; Shi, X.; Dalal, N.S.; Irr, W.; Castranova, V. (1988) Generation of free radicals from freshly fractured silica dust. Potential role in acute silica-induced lung injury. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis., 138(5), 1213–1219.
    • Vallyathan, V.; Castranova, V.; Dalal, N.S.; van Dike, K.; all of Morgantown, W. Va. (1992) Prevention of the acute cytotoxicity associated with silica containing minerals. US 5096733, 1992-03-17.
    • Wallace, W.E.; Vallyathan, V.; Keane, M.J.; Robinson V. (1985) In vitro biologic toxicity of native and surface-modified silica and kaolin. J Toxicol. Environ. Health., 16(3-4), 415–424.
    • Wendlandt, R.F.; Harrison, W.F.; Vaughan, D.J. (2007) Surface coatings on quartz grains in bentonites and their relevance to human health. Appl. Geochem., 22, 2290–2306.
    • Who (2000) Crystalline silica, quartz (Concise international chemical assessment document; 24); Programme on Chemical Safety II.Series, ISBN 92 4 153023 5, Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, D-70009 Stuttgart
    • Wyart-Remy, M. (2001) Crystalline silica: the EU regulatory approach. Cer. Acta, 13(4-5), 54-62.
    • Ziemann, C., Harrison, P. T., Bellmann, B., Brown, R. C., Zoitos, B. K., & Class, P. (2014). Lack of marked cyto-and genotoxicity of cristobalite in devitrified (heated) alkaline earth silicate wools in short-term assays with cultured primary rat alveolar macrophages. Inhalation toxicology, 26(2), 113-127.
    • Ziemann, C., Jackson, P., Brown, R., Attik, G., Rihn, B. H., & Creutzenberg, O. (2009). Quartz-containing ceramic dusts: in vitro screening of the cytotoxic, genotoxic and pro-inflammatory potential of 5 factory samples. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Vol. 151, No. 1, p. 012022). IOP Publishing.
    • Ziemann, C., Escrig, A., Bonvicini, G., Ibáñez, M. J., Monfort, E., Salomoni, A., & Creutzenberg, O. (2017). Organosilane-based coating of quartz species from the traditional ceramics industry: evidence of Hazard reduction using in vitro and in vivo tests. Annals of Work Exposures and Health, 61(4), 468-480.

  • Materials science

    • Gallas, J.-P.; Goupil, J.-M.; Vimont, A.; Lavalley, J.-C.; Gil, B.; Gilson, J.-P.; Miserque, O. (2009) Quantification of water and silanol species on various silicas by coupling IR spectroscopy and in-situ thermogravimetry.  Langmuir, 25(10), 5825–5834.
    • Gulicovski, J.J.; Cerovic, L.S.; Milonjic, S.K. (2008) Point of zero charge and isoelectric point of alumina. Mater. Manuf. Processes, 23, 615–619.
    • Jerez, J.; Flury, M.; Shang, J.; Deng, Y. (2006) Coating of silica sand with aluminosilicate clay. J. Colloid Interface Sci., 294(1), 155–164.
    • Sánchez, E.; García-Ten, J.; Regueiro, M. (2007) Matières premières pour l’industrie céramique espagnole. Situation actuelle et perspectives, 3e partie. Industrie Céramique Verrière, 1014, 29–32.
    • Stojanovic, D.; Orlovic, A.; Glisic, S.B.; Markovic, S.; Radmilovic, V.; Uskokovic, P.S.; Aleksic R. (2010) Preparation of MEMO silane-coated SiO2 nanoparticles under high pressure of carbon dioxide and ethanol. J. of Supercritical Fluids, 52(3), 276–284.
    • Wallace, W.E.; Harrison, J.C.; Grayson, R.L.; Keane, M.J.; Bolsaitis, P.; Kennedy, R.D.; Wearden, A.Q.; Attfield, M.D. (1994) Aluminosilicate surface contamination of respirable quartz particles from coal mine dusts and from clay works dusts. Ann. occup. Hyg., 38, 439-445.

  • EU documents

    • Agreement (2006/C 279/02) on workers’ health protection through the good handling and use of crystalline silica and products containing it.
    • ETUC (2007) Response to the 2nd phase consultation on Directive 2004/37/EC.
    • IARC (1997) Silica; In: Silica, some Silicates, Coal Dust and Para-Aramid Fibrils. Lyon: IARC Monogr. Eval Carcinogen.Risks Hum. 68,. 41-242.
    • SCOEL (2002) Recommendation from Scientific Committee on Occupational Exposure Limits for silica, crystalline (respirable dust).
    • SWD(2016) 152 final Commission Staff Working Document. Impact Assessment Accompanying the document Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council Amending Directive 2004/37/EC on the protection of workers from the risks related to exposure to carcinogens or mutagens at work. Brussels, 13.5.2016
    • SWD(2016) 153 final. Commission Staff Working Document Executive Summary of the Impact Assessment Accompanying the document Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council Amending Directive 2004/37/EC on the protection of workers from the risks related to exposure to carcinogens or mutagens at work.  Brussels, 13.5.2016

This project is financed by the LIFE Programme 2014-2020 of the European Union for the Environment and Climate Action under the project number LIFE14 ENV/ES/000238

Este proyecto está financiado por el Programa LIFE 2014-2020 de Medio Ambiente y Acción por el Clima de la Unión Europea con referencia: LIFE14 ENV/ES/000238

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Con la colaboración de la Generalitat Valenciana a través de la Conselleria d’Hisenda i Model Econòmic

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